UERC Rejects Plea to Relax 1 MW Rooftop Solar Cap for Net Metering

Singareni Collieries Floats O&M Tender for 5 MW Floating Solar Project

Andhra Pradesh Tenders 1.2 GW Rooftop Solar Projects Under PM Surya Ghar

Rajasthan Regulator Approves Tariffs for 229 MW Solar Projects under KUSUM

WorldOne Energies to Set Up 1 GW Solar Module Facility in Canada

NTPC Green Issues O&M Tender for 160 MW Solar Project

Accelerating India’s Net Zero Strategy with Energy Storage and Green Hydrogen

Daily News Wrap-Up: India Grew Energy Storage Capacity by 341 MWh in 2024

MCX to Start Electricity Futures Trading from July 10, 2025

Funding and M&A Roundup: Opdenergy Secures $412 Million

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					</table>India <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/solar-power-generation-in-india-up-32-7-yoy-to-42-bu-in-q1-2025" target="_blank" rel="noopener">generated</a> approximately 42 billion units (BU) of solar power in the first quarter (Q1) of the calendar year 2025, a 32.7% year-over-year (YoY) increase, according to data published by the Central Electricity Authority. Solar generation rose 22.8% quarter-over-quarter (QoQ) from 34.2 BU. In Q1 2025, 6.7 GW of solar capacity was added in India, representing a 6.8% growth QoQ and 27.3% increase YoY, contributing to the rise in generation numbers.
India’s green energy open access sector <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/energy-intensive-industries-drive-open-access-solar-growth-amid-challenges" target="_blank" rel="noopener">witnessed</a> steady growth over the past few years, with an increasing number of commercial and industrial consumers switching to clean energy. The open access model is a compelling choice for these consumers seeking to meet their clean energy mandates and lower their power bills. India’s solar capacity additions under open access have also experienced an uptick. The country added 6.9 GW of solar open access capacity in 2024, a 77% YoY increase from 3.9 GW, according to Mercom India Q4 &amp; Annual 2024 India Solar Open Access Market Report.
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/mnre-issues-draft-guidelines-to-simplify-testing-of-solar-modules-by-labs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">released</a> draft guidelines for the series approval of solar modules. These guidelines aim to facilitate testing laboratories and manufacturers in forming product families for performance testing under the Solar Systems, Devices, and Components Goods Order, 2025. The guidelines are designed to simplify the approval process for multiple products with design or material variations to ensure compliance with the Bureau of Indian Standards registration requirements.
Rajasthan Electronics and Instruments <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/rajasthan-tenders-30-mw-rooftop-solar-projects-in-jodhpur-and-pali" target="_blank" rel="noopener">invited</a> proposals to set up rooftop solar projects with a cumulative capacity of 30 MW on state government buildings in Rajasthan. The tender is divided into several projects with a cumulative 25 MW capacity in the Jodhpur district and 5 MW in the Pali district. Bids must be submitted by June 17, 2025. Bids will be opened on June 18. The scope of work entails the design, engineering, supply, installation, testing, and commissioning of the projects.
Southern Power Distribution Company of Andhra Pradesh <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/andhra-pradesh-issues-epc-tender-for-4-36-mw-rooftop-solar-projects" target="_blank" rel="noopener">issued</a> an engineering, procurement, and construction tender for 4.36 MW rooftop solar projects on residential buildings under the PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana. Bids must be submitted by May 30, 2025. Bids will be opened on the same date. The scope of work entails the engineering, manufacturing, procurement, equipment quality assurance, factory testing, transportation, handling, storage, erection, testing, and commissioning of the projects.
Power Grid Corporation of India <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/powergrid-tenders-2-1-mw-solar-project-with-300-kw-1200-kwh-bess-in-ladakh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">invited</a> bids to commission a 2,100 kW off-grid solar project integrated with a 300 kW/1,200 kWh battery energy storage system. The project is at the Pang HVDC station in Ladakh at an approximate altitude of 4,700 meters. Bids must be submitted by June 27, 2025. Bids will be opened on the same day. Bidders must submit a tender fee of ₹25,000 (~$293.50). The scope of work entails the project’s complete design and engineering services.
National Fertilizers (NFL) <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/national-fertilizers-floats-eoi-for-3-5-mw-rooftop-solar-projects" target="_blank" rel="noopener">invited</a> expressions of interest for setting up grid-connected rooftop solar projects with a tentative cumulative capacity of 3.5 MW at two of its facilities in Punjab and one in Madhya Pradesh. The projects will be installed at the following locations: NFL, Nangal, Punjab, with a capacity of 1,735 kW, NFL, Bathinda, Punjab, with a capacity of 600 kW, NFL, Vijaipur, Madhya Pradesh, with a capacity of 1,220 kW. Bids must be submitted by June 18, 2025. Bids will be opened on June 19.
NTPC Renewable Energy <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/ntpc-renewable-energy-floats-epc-tender-for-245-mw-solar-project-in-gujarat" target="_blank" rel="noopener">invited</a> bids for the engineering, procurement, and construction of a 245 MW solar power project in Khavda Renewable Energy Park in Rann of Kutch, Gujarat. The last date to submit bids is June 26, 2025. The scope of work encompasses the design, engineering, manufacturing, supply, packing, forwarding, transportation, unloading, storage, installation, testing, and commissioning of solar power project in the South Block of the Khavda RE Park, Rann of Kutch.
NTPC Renewable Energy <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/ntpc-renewable-energy-bos-package600-mw-wind" target="_blank" rel="noopener">invited</a> bids to supply a balance of system package for a 600 MW interstate transmission system-connected wind power project in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh. Bids must be submitted by June 26, 2025. Bids will be opened on the same day. Bidders must submit ₹22,500 (~$263) as a bid document fee. Bidders must have executed or facilitated the arrangement of land and micro-siting of wind turbines for projects with a total capacity of at least 40 MW, including at least one wind project of 10 MW or more.
NTPC Green Energy <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/ntpc-greens-net-profit-increases-187-in-q4-fy-2025" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reported</a> a net profit of ₹2.33 billion (~$27.1 million) in the fourth quarter of the financial year 2025, up 187% YoY from ₹809.5 million (~$9.4 million). It reported a total income of ₹7.51 billion (~$87.3 million), increasing 35.8% from 5.53 billion (~$64.3 million) in the same period of the previous year. The company’s revenue from operations grew slightly from ₹5 billion (~$58.1 million) to ₹6.22 billion (~$72.3 million).
Kenya Electricity Generating Company <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/kenya-tenders-42-5-mw-solar-projects-with-bess" target="_blank" rel="noopener">issued</a> a tender to design and build seven solar projects with a cumulative capacity of 42.5 MW, each featuring a battery energy storage system, in Kenya. Bids must be submitted by July 29, 2025. Bids will open on the same day. The scope of work includes the design and building of solar project with a 3 MW/4.5 MWh energy storage system. Bidders will also set up a 2 kV loop-in-loop out substation, transmission interconnection facilities, and related works.
The U.S. Geological Survey <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/enhanced-geothermal-systems-could-meet-10-of-us-power-demand-usgs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">indicated</a> that geothermal energy in Nevada’s Great Basin and adjoining areas could potentially supply electricity equivalent to one-tenth of the current U.S. power demand. This represents a significant increase from current levels, as geothermal energy currently contributes less than 1% to the national power grid. The report updates a previous assessment from 2008 and emphasizes the role of enhanced geothermal systems in unlocking this potential.

Daily News Wrap-Up: India’s Solar Power Generation Up 33% YoY in Q1 2025

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					</table>The <a href="https://www.gov.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">United Kingdom</a> has announced the allocation of Contracts for Difference (CfDs) to 95 new renewable energy projects, securing a substantial 3.7 GW of clean energy capacity in its fifth allocation round. In the previous round, 93 projects <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/record-11-gw-renewable-projects-in-united-kingdom" target="_blank" rel="noopener">received</a> CfDs.
These projects encompass renewable sources, including onshore wind, solar, and tidal energy developments. For the first time, geothermal projects harnessing natural underground heat sources have secured support through the CfD program.
However, offshore and floating offshore wind do not feature in this year’s allocation, aligning with trends seen in countries like Germany and Spain. This is attributed to the global rise in inflation and the impact on supply chains, which presented challenges for projects participating in this round.
With a budget allocation of £227 million (~$284 million), these projects are primed to contribute significantly to generating clean, domestically sourced energy, enough to power approximately 2 million homes.
Half of the total capacity will come from solar, while onshore wind projects have secured 1.5 GW of capacity—more than double the number of projects awarded in the previous round.
Furthermore, a dedicated £10 million (~$12.5 million) budget has been set aside for tidal stream projects, resulting in 11 projects with a cumulative capacity exceeding 50 MW. Three geothermal projects have received support, adding 12 MW of capacity, equivalent to powering 2 million homes.
The CfD program, initiated in 2014, assures energy projects guaranteed prices for the electricity they generate. Contract awards are determined through competitive auctions, favoring the lowest price bids to ensure cost-effectiveness for consumers.
According to Graham Stuart, the UK’s Energy and Climate Change Minister, the country&#8217;s clean energy sector has witnessed remarkable growth. “In 2010, renewables accounted for 7% of the country&#8217;s electricity generation. However, by the first quarter of this year, that figure had surged to 48%,” he said.
Stuart also emphasized that the UK aims to build 50 GW of offshore wind capacity by 2030, including up to 5 GW of floating wind technology. “Although offshore and floating offshore wind projects were not included in this year&#8217;s allocation due to global supply chain challenges and inflation, the government remains steadfast in its offshore wind expansion goals,” he said.
In May, the energy industry trade association Energy UK <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/upcoming-auctions-offshore-wind-target" target="_blank" rel="noopener">warned</a> that the fifth CfD auction will not be sufficient to meet the UK Government’s 2030 target of 50 GW offshore wind capacity.
The UK&#8217;s transition to clean energy is set to attract approximately £100 billion (~$125 billion) in private investment, bolstering the nation&#8217;s journey towards sustainable energy and job creation. By 2030, this transition could generate 480,000 jobs, including 90,000 in the offshore wind sector.
In anticipation of continued progress, the government is already gearing up for the sixth round of auctions scheduled for 2024, marking the second annual auction. It anticipates the future participation of offshore and floating offshore wind projects.

UK Grants CfDs for 3.7 GW of Clean Energy Projects in Fifth Round

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					</table>A team of researchers at the <a href="https://www.uah.es/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">University of Alcala</a> in Spain has claimed that a temperature reduction in solar modules by up to 20ºC can enhance the net system efficiency by about 14%.
The team said it had used a closed-circuit water pumping system, which carries a refrigerated liquid to draw excess heat from the solar panels. The liquid travels 15 meters below the surface, exchanging heat with the cooler soil. At a certain depth, the subsoil maintains a stable temperature of 15 ºC throughout the year.
One of the major problems with solar panels is that their efficiency usually does not exceed 20%. The rest of the energy from the sun heats up the modules, lowering the efficiency even further. The research team has proposed a sustainable cooling system based on tapping into the low temperatures of the subsoil to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic solar energy.
The cooling system
A prototype of the system is installed on solar panels at the Polytechnic School of the University of Alcalá, where the researchers analyze its behavior and compare it with identical uncooled panels.
The prototype consists of a refrigerated solar panel that incorporates a heat exchanger inserted into the ground up to a depth of 15 meters. A 10cm hole is made within which a small pump circulates the cooling fluid, which extracts the heat from the solar panel and evacuates it to the subsoil, at a lower temperature, in an efficient, safe, clean and sustainable way. 
The small electrical consumption of the pump is supplied by the greater surplus energy produced by the refrigerated panel.
<h5 style="text-align: center;">Prototype of the solar panel with refrigeration in the Higher Polytechnic School of the UAH</h5>
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-43972" src="https://mercomindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Prototype-of-the-solar-panel-with-refrigeration-in-the-Higher-Polytechnic-School-of-the-UAH-1.jpg" alt="Prototype of the solar panel with refrigeration in the Higher Polytechnic School of the UAH" width="400" height="600" srcset="https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Prototype-of-the-solar-panel-with-refrigeration-in-the-Higher-Polytechnic-School-of-the-UAH-1.jpg 400w, https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Prototype-of-the-solar-panel-with-refrigeration-in-the-Higher-Polytechnic-School-of-the-UAH-1-200x300.jpg 200w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" />
“As the refrigeration system is a closed circuit, the risk of contamination is minimal. In addition, as the heat extracted from the panels is relatively small and the thermal capacity of the floor is very high, its temperature does not increase excessively” the researchers said.
“A similar concept, known as geothermal cooling, has been safely used for decades to weatherize homes and buildings,” they added.
Currently, the team is in contact with several companies interested in the technology. However, before the product can become commercial, more research is needed to explore its full potential and lower its manufacturing, operation, and maintenance costs.
Recently, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) <a href="https://mercomindia.com/more-space-between-solar-panel-rows-help-lower-module-temperatures/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">revealed</a> that distancing rows of solar panels could help maintain the module temperature, which usually increases when solar modules are exposed to direct Sun for a long time leading to a decrease in module efficiency.
In another development, a researcher from the University of Houston <a href="https://mercomindia.com/researcher-finds-novel-energy-harvesting-system-can-enable-use-of-solar-power-24-7/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reported</a> a novel type of solar energy harvesting system that could make way for using solar power 24/7.

Researchers in Spain Find New Way to Cool Solar Panels to Improve Efficiency

The Telangana State Electricity Regulatory Commission (<a href="https://tserc.gov.in/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TSERC</a>), in a recent order, rejected a geothermal generator&#8217;s plea for tariff approval to supply electricity from a 25 MW geothermal project stating it was too high.
The generator had requested the Commission to approve a tariff of ₹8.86 (~$0.02)/kWh for the first and second year of the control period and ₹8.75 (~$0.01)/kWh for the third year.
The Commission said that the Northern Power Distribution Company of Telangana (<a href="http://www.tsnpdcl.in/Home" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TSNPDCL</a>) was not inclined to procure power at such high costs. The Commission further said that the status of the project was not clear. TSERC added that geothermal was a new technology and a renewable energy source, but the petitioner had not made a case because of lack of representation.
Geo Syndicate Power had filed a petition to approve the tariff to supply geothermal energy from a 25 MW project located in the Khammam district of Telangana.
Background
Geo Syndicate Power had proposed to set up a 25 MW geothermal-based power project in the Khammam district. The Non-Conventional Energy Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh (<a href="https://nredcap.in/Default.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NREDCAP</a>), currently Telangana State Renewable Energy Development Corporation (<a href="https://tsredco.telangana.gov.in/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TSREDCO</a>), had approved the proposed project, and a memorandum of understanding was signed on March 15, 2010, between the NREDCAP and the generator.
Later, a draft power purchase agreement (PPA) was signed on August 24, 2010. The generator said that since different methodologies had to be considered to determine the tariff for geothermal-based projects, it had to apply with a request to determine the tariff to supply energy for the first initial control period of three years from the commercial operation date at ₹6.86 (~$0.092)/kWh for the first year, ₹6.91 (~$0.093)/kWh for the second year, and ₹6.89 (~$0.092)/kWh for the third year.
Later, the generator submitted an interim application to determine the tariff at revised rates since costs escalated due to a delay in implementing the project. A request was made to approve the tariff of ₹8.86 (~$0.02)/kWh for the first and second year, and ₹8.75 (~$0.01)/kWh, the third year of the control period.
Commission&#8217;s analysis
The Commission observed that the generator neither pursued the matter properly nor there had been any proper representation from the petitioner.
Also, several amendments to the draft PPA were sought by the generator unilaterally.
The regulator noted that the Electricity Act, 2003, mandates to publish the application made for tariff determination by a generating company to call objections and suggestions from the public. The generator had not published any such notice of the revised tariff, and TSNPDCL had not submitted its reply to determine tariff at revised rates.
Also, the applicant had not made clear how such a huge financial commitment for the project would be met.
The Commission stated that the TSNPDCL was not inclined to procure the power at such a high cost as it would burden its consumers.
TSERC added that it could not consider the case favorably as the project&#8217;s status was not clear.
According to the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, geothermal resources mapped by the Geological Survey of India estimates 10 GW of geothermal power potential. But efforts are towards finding cost-competitive geothermal capacity in India. Recently, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, a government-owned crude oil, and natural gas company, announced a geothermal project in the Union Territory of Ladakh. The project is planned in three phases. Phase-I involves exploratory-cum-production drilling of wells up to 500 meters depth and setting up of a pilot project of up to 1 MW capacity. Phase-II would involve deeper and lateral exploration of the geothermal reservoir by drilling an optimal number of wells, setting up a higher capacity demo project, and preparing a Detailed Project Report. Phase-III would involve the commercial development of the geothermal project. Puga and Chumathang in Eastern Ladakh happen to be the most promising geothermal fields in India.
In November last year, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research had <a href="https://mercomindia.com/csir-tender-experimental-solar-geothermal-hybrid-building/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">issued</a> a notice inviting a tender for constructing an experimental net-zero energy solar-geothermal hybridized building at its Central Building Research Institute in Roorkee, Uttarakhand.
Subscribe to Mercom&#8217;s real-time <a href="https://mercomindia.com/product/mercoms-renewable-energy-regulatory-updates/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Regulatory Updates </a>to ensure you don&#8217;t miss any critical updates from the renewable industry.

Generator’s Tariff Approval Request for a 25 MW Geothermal Project Rejected

Here are some noteworthy cleantech announcement of the day from around the world:
<a href="https://www.sunviksteels.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sunvik Steels</a> has partnered with <a href="https://www.dexlerenergy.com/about-us" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dexler Energy</a> to develop 13 MW of rooftop solar projects at its two facilities near Bangalore. The rooftop solar systems will provide 10% of its power needs while reducing 19,890 tons of carbon dioxide emissions annually. With the addition of these projects, 75% of the power for the company will be from clean energy resources.
The Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) has <a href="https://www.ongcindia.com/wps/wcm/connect/en/media/press-release/geothermal-energy-ladakh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">unveiled</a> plans to implement India&#8217;s maiden geothermal field development project in Ladakh. ONGC Energy Center has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Union Territory of Ladakh and Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council to formalize this project. The company has planned this field development project in three phases.
MMEX Resources Corporation has <a href="https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/02/08/2171507/0/en/MMEX-Resources-Corp-Enhancing-its-Solar-Power-Plan-for-Clean-Energy.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">unveiled</a> plans to develop a solar power project to power multiple planned projects producing hydrogen and ultra-low sulfur fuels combined with carbon dioxide capture in Texas, United States. The company formed MMEX Solar Resources in 2018 to develop a solar power project to supply renewable energy to its planned refinery projects. The company intends to lease or purchase additional acreage to develop additional megawatts of solar power for distribution in Texas.
The share of renewables in the U.S. electricity generation mix is <a href="https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=46676" target="_blank" rel="noopener">expected</a> to increase from 21% in 2020 to 42% in 2050, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration&#8217;s new report. The renewable share is projected to increase as nuclear and coal-fired generation decrease, and the natural gas-fired generation share remains relatively constant. By 2030, renewables will collectively surpass natural gas to be the predominant source of power generation in the U.S. Solar generation will surpass wind energy by 2040 as the largest source of renewable generation. After the production tax credit for wind phases out at the end of 2024, solar generation will account for almost 80% of the increase in renewable generation through 2050.
The United Kingdom&#8217;s Crown Estate has <a href="https://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/en-gb/media-and-insights/news/2021-offshore-wind-leasing-round-4-signals-major-vote-of-confidence-in-the-uk-s-green-economy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">announced</a> six new offshore wind projects in the waters around England and Wales. The six Round 4 projects represent nearly 8 GW of potential new offshore wind capacity with the opportunity to deliver clean power for over seven million households and create employment across the country. The projects have been selected through a competitive seabed tender process. RWE Renewables, Total, and Consortium of EnBW and bp have secured around 3 GW, 1.5 GW, and 1.5 GW of offshore wind capacity, respectively.
The Indian Energy Exchange has <a href="https://www.iexindia.com/Uploads/PressRelease/09_02_2021Draft%20Press%20Release%20IGX-%20GAIL%20announcement-final%20(002).pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">announced</a> further disinvestment of a 5% equity stake in the Indian Gas Exchange to GAIL. Last month, two energy companies, Adani Total Gas and Torrent Gas, acquired a 5% equity stake each in the platform.
<a href="https://www.ionenergy.co/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ION Energy</a> has entered into an agreement to supply battery management systems to electric scooter startup Ray Electric Motors. Ray Electric Motors will deploy these systems in its electric two-wheelers.  The battery management system&#8217;s primary role is to ensure that battery operates within its safe operating area by continuously monitoring its current state and logging performance data in real-time.
Here is our <a href="https://mercomindia.com/daily-news-wrap-up-hyderabad-metro-rail-goes-solar/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">previous</a> daily news wrap-up.

Daily News Wrap-Up: Rooftop Solar to Meet 10% of Sunvik Steels’ Power Needs in Bengaluru

The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (<a href="https://www.csir.res.in/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CSIR</a>) has issued a notice inviting tender (NIT) for constructing an experimental net-zero energy solar-geothermal hybridized building at its Central Building Research Institute (<a href="http://www.cbi.gov.in/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CBRI</a>) in Roorkee, Uttarakhand.
The work is expected to cost ₹778.3 million (~$10.5 million). Interested bidders are expected to make an earnest money deposit (EMD) of ₹155,700 (~$2,110). The last date for submitting bids is November 21, 2020.
The scope of work includes construction, civil, electrical, and maintenance work, among others. The contract is expected to last four months from the date of commencement of the work.
To be eligible to participate in the competitive bidding process, applicants are expected to have experience successfully executing at least three similar projects worth at least 40% of the estimated cost, two worth 60%, or one worth 80% in the last seven years.
Since the work is experimental and involves multiple kinds of technology and systems, project knowledge, understanding, and prior experience will be considered for selection.
Bidders are expected to submit a 1,500 word write up on how they intend to implement the projects and how they plan to install and commission the different systems proposed in the project.
Geothermal projects refer to projects that use heat from the earth’s core to generate electricity. The earth’s heat is used to create steam, which is then used to spin turbines that produce power.
According to the International Finance Corporation, globally, buildings <a href="https://mercomindia.com/an-estimated-24-7-trillion-investment-potential-green-buildings/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">consume</a> more than half of all electricity for heating, cooling, and lighting and account for 28% of energy-related greenhouse-gas emissions. It said that by 2030 green buildings will offer a $24.7 trillion investment opportunity in emerging markets alone, which will spur economic growth and accelerate sustainable development.
Recently, Mercom <a href="https://mercomindia.com/tata-steel-collaborate-csir/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">reported</a> that Tata Steel Limited and the CSIR had joined hands to work toward carbon capture, utilization, and storage to combat climate change and global warming.
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Image credit: Unsplash

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