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					</table>Government think-tank <a href="https://www.niti.gov.in/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NITI Aayog</a>’s latest study finds that carbon capture utilization and storage (<a href="https://dst.gov.in/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage-ccus" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CCUS</a>) is key to ensuring sustainable development and growth in India, particularly for producing clean energy.
CCUS is defined by the International Energy Agency (<a href="https://www.iea.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IEA</a>) as a group of technologies for capturing CO2 from large and stationary CO2-emitting sources such as fossil fuel-based power plants and other industries.
These technologies become crucial in the context of India as the country is still dependent on fossil fuels.
The report titled ‘Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Policy Framework and its Deployment Mechanism in India’ explored the importance of CCUS as an emission reduction strategy to achieve decarbonization from the hard-to-abate sectors.
The report said that nearly two-thirds of India’s 144 metric tons per annum (mtpa) crude steel capacity and 210 GW of coal-based power capacity were installed less than 15 years ago.
These assets can’t be wished away or stranded and need to be made sustainable by retrofitting with carbon dioxide capture and disposition infrastructure, the report said.
Further, it added that significant economic costs, estimated to be in the range of $6 billion per year by 2050, can be avoided by implementing CCUS.
Additionally, even if India can substantially meet the target of 500 GW installed capacity of renewables by 2030, it would still require coal for generating baseload power demand, given the intermittency and non-dispatchable nature of solar and wind power.
“CCUS can enable the production of clean products while still utilizing our rich endowments of coal, reducing imports and thus leading to an Atmanirbhar Indian economy,” said Suman Bery, Vice Chairman, NITI Aayog.
Dr. V.K Saraswat, a member of NITI Aayog, said India’s dependency on fossil-based energy resources is likely to continue in the future, which makes it necessary for the country to have a CCUS policy.
India is the third largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the world after China and the U.S., with an estimated annual emissions of about 2.6 gigatons per annum (gtpa).
The role of CCUS also becomes a crucial strategy in emission reduction as the country has recently <a href="https://mercomindia.com/india-long-term-low-carbon-development-strategy-cop27/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">updated</a> its nationally determined contribution (NDC) targets to achieve 50% of its total installed capacity from renewable energy sources and a 45% reduction in emission intensity by the end of the decade.
CCUS application and advantages
CCUS can be applied to various sectors hard-to-electrify and carbon dioxide-intensive sectors such as steel, cement, oil &amp; gas, petrochemicals &amp; chemicals, and fertilizers.
Further, it can be used in producing blue hydrogen, which is coal gasification-based hydrogen production coupled with CCUS, considering India’s rich endowments of coal.
Currently, blue hydrogen at the cost of around $2/kg is far more cost-effective than green hydrogen at $5-6/kg.
The report said that CCUS can help the circular economy as the captured carbon can be converted into various value-added products like green urea, building materials, chemicals and polymers with vast market opportunities in India.
The CCUS projects could capture 750 mtpa of carbon by 2050 and help create 8-10 million full-time jobs.
The report outlines a range of policy action the government can undertake to support CCUS. These include funding for research and development, creating national centers of excellence, support for manufacturing CCUS equipment in India, and adoption of the technology on a large scale.
According to a <a href="https://mercomindia.com/co2-emissions-from-fossil-drop-due-to-of-renewables-iea/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">report</a> by the International Energy Agency (IEA) in October, carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion globally are expected to grow by under 1% this year as the substantial expansion of renewables and electric vehicles prevents a sharper rise.

Carbon Capture Key to Sustainable Development and Growth in India: NITI Aayog

Here are some noteworthy cleantech announcements of the day from around the world:
Voltalia, a global renewable energy company, <a href="https://www.voltalia.com/uploads/08_Not%C3%ADcias/Press_Releases/2020/20201117_IPP_Voltalia_PPA_City_of_London_EN.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">said</a> it would develop a 49.9 MW solar facility to supply green electricity to the City of London, United Kingdom. The governing body of the Square Mile signed a 15-year power purchase agreement (PPA) to buy all the electricity produced by a new-build 95,000 panel-solar project in Dorset, United Kingdom. The 49.9 MW project will generate enough clean energy that can power around 15,000 homes and will provide over half the City Corporation&#8217;s electricity.
On behalf of the Australian Government, the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) <a href="https://arena.gov.au/news/small-wind-turbines-offer-a-big-solution-for-telecommunications/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">announced</a> $341,990 in funding to Diffuse Energy to demonstrate the effectiveness of its innovative micro wind turbine technology for use on off-grid telecommunication towers and broader remote applications. As part of the $922,307 project, the Newcastle-based startup will install its small wind turbines at ten off-grid telecommunications towers across various locations in Australia. SEUZ and bp have <a href="https://www.suez.com/en/news/press-releases/reduction-co2-emissions-by-2030-suez-and-bp-sign-memorandum-net-zero-teesside-uk-first-decarbonised-industrial-hub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">signed</a> a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to explore the feasibility of the United Kingdom&#8217;s first carbon capture and storage project from waste-to-energy. The Net Zero Teesside Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) project is expected to capture up to 10 million tons of carbon dioxide emission, the equivalent to the annual energy use of 3 million UK households. The agreement paves the way for SUEZ to develop a solution to capture carbon dioxide emissions from one of four waste-to-energy facilities it operates in the Teesside area of the UK. Once captured, the carbon dioxide will be supplied to the bp led Net Zero Teesside CCUS project, to be transported and stored in a geological storage facility beneath the North Sea.
Sunrun, a US-based renewable energy company, has <a href="https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/221/sunrun-signs-virtual-power-plant-agreement-with-southern" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">contracted</a> with Southern California Edison (SCE), a U.S.-based electric utility company, to increase grid resilience and lower power costs. SCE Will send signals to Sunrun during high demand events such as extreme heat waves when the energy grid is strained. In response, Sunrun will dispatch energy from its solar-powered battery systems installed in the SCE territory, providing 5 MW of energy capacity to support the overall energy system. The same solar-powered batteries will also provide reliable backup power to these households if the power goes out.

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<a href="https://www.tatasteel.com/corporate/our-organisation/tata-steel-group-companies/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Tata Steel Limited</a> and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (<a href="https://www.csir.res.in/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CSIR</a>) have joined hands to work toward carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) to combat climate change and global warming.
CCUS is the process of capturing waste carbon dioxide from large point sources, such as a factory, transporting it to a storage site, and depositing it where it will not enter the atmosphere like an underground geological formation.
As part of the memorandum of understanding (MoU) signed between the two parties, they will work together to deploy CCUS technologies in the steel industry. The move is expected to cut down on carbon emissions and expedite the transition toward a decarbonized economy.According to the press statement, both parties would collaborate and work together in key areas like CO2 capture, utilization, and storage. Rakesh Kumar, Director of National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), and Debashish Bhattacharjee, VP of Technology and New Materials at Tata Steel, will lead the collaborative effort.
The council is also planning to set up a national facility on CCUS at NEERI Nagpur that would provide a platform for interested stakeholders to participate in fostering the growth of such measures through a partnership model.
Speaking on the collaborative effort, TV Narendran, MD, Tata Steel, said, “For the sustainability of the steel industry globally and particularly in a growing country like India, it is essential that we find an economical solution for capturing and use or sequestration of CO2 at scale. Between CSIR and Tata Steel, we have enormous intellectual and research strength together with application opportunities. The Tata Steel-CSIR collaboration platform will provide the necessary impetus and also enable other organizations to join and collaboratively work towards a solution for carbon capture, utilization &amp; storage.”
The steel giant has been working on several initiatives to harness renewable energy, and it has also been working on waste heat recovery technology. The company has already established a pilot CCU project at its Jamshedpur facility and its ferrochrome facility.
Recently, the government of India’s Department of Science and Technology <a href="https://mercomindia.com/government-invites-proposal-research-storage/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">invited</a> proposals from Indian researchers in the area of carbon capture, utilization &amp; storage under the Accelerating CCUS Technologies (ACT) program in collaboration with other ACT member countries. ACT is seeking innovative projects that range from smaller research projects to new or already existing pilots and demonstration sites.
Earlier, the National Institute of Transforming India Aayog and the International Transport Forum of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development  had jointly <a href="https://mercomindia.com/niti-aayog-introduces-new-program/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">launched</a> a project aimed at decarbonizing India’s transport sector.

Tata Steel to Collaborate with CSIR to Deploy Decarbonization Technologies

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